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1.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 22(4): 257-272, July-Aug. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-974229

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Dengue, the most prevalent arboviral disease worldwide, is caused by any of the four dengue virus (DENV) serotypes that co-circulate constantly in hyperendemic areas such as Medellin (Colombia), and these serotypes are transmitted by mosquitoes of the genus Aedes. In this study, we evaluated the replicative capacity of strains isolated in Medellin between 2003 and 2007 in C6/36 cells and in colonies of Aedes aegypti collected during 2010-2011 from high or low-incidence areas within the same city. The phylogenetic analysis grouped isolates according to the predominant genotypes found in the Americas, and the in vitro characterization showed differences in the morphological changes induced by the isolates of each of the isolated serotypes compared to the reference serotypes. In vitro replicative capacity studies demonstrated that genomic copy number increased at four days post-infection and that cell viability decreased significantly compared to the control for all serotypes. The largest number of genomic copies in C6/36 was produced by DENV-2, followed by DENV-1 and DENV-4; DENV-3 produced the smallest number of genomic copies and had the smallest negative effect on cell viability. Finally, differences in the in vivo replication of intercolonial serotypes between the Rockefeller colony and the field colonies and among the intracolonial serotypes were found. The replication of DENV-2 at 7 and 14 days in both high- and low-incidence colonies was higher than that of the other serotypes, and replication of DENV-3 in the mosquito colonies was the most stable on the days evaluated. Our results support the notion that replication and, possibly, DENV transmission and severity depend on many factors, including serotype and vector characteristics.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Virus Replication , Aedes/virology , Dengue/transmission , Dengue Virus/physiology , Insect Vectors/virology , Phylogeny , Urban Population , Colombia , Dengue/virology , Dengue Virus/isolation & purification , Dengue Virus/genetics , Serogroup
2.
Rev. Fac. Odontol. Univ. Antioq ; 24(1): 22-36, jul.-dic. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-678083

ABSTRACT

Introducción: este estudio tuvo como objetivo general analizar la situación de salud bucal y el estado protésico en unamuestra de pacientes edentados bimaxilares atendidos en la clínica del adulto de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Antioquia. Métodos: estudio descriptivo en 54 pacientes que consultaron a la institución en el periodo 2008-2010. Se consideraron lassiguientes variables: edad, sexo, estrato socioeconómico, nivel educativo, frecuencia de cepillado, utilización de enjuagues, limpieza de la mucosa, remoción nocturna de la prótesis, presencia de estomatitis, úlceras, aumento fibroso, porosidades, pigmentaciones, cálculos, fracturas, dientes caídos, desgaste dentario y grado de satisfacción con el aparato protésico. Se describieron las variables mencionadas por sexo y pruebas Chi cuadrado para observar significancias estadísticas. Resultados: la mayoría de la población estudiada se ubicó en estratos socioeconómicos y niveles educativos bajos. El 48% presentó algún tipo de estomatitis en el arco superior. El 46% se retiran ambas prótesis en la noche, con mayor proporción en las mujeres (58%). Los cálculos fueron el hallazgo más importante en cuanto al estado protésico, presentándose en el 79% en la prótesis inferior. Casi el 80% de la población examinada estaba satisfecha con la prótesis total superior y el 44% con la inferior. Conclusión: los resultados encontrados reflejaron la falta de mantenimiento y controlde la situación de estos pacientes, así como deficiencias en los hábitos de higiene bucal y de las prótesis, situación que no concuerda con la alta satisfacción encontrada.


Introduction: the main objective of this study was to analyze oral health conditions and denture status of a sample of bimaxillary edentulous patients treated at the adult clinic of Universidad de Antioquia’s School of Dentistry. Methods: this was adescriptive study on 54 patients seeking consultation between 2008 and 2010. The following variables were considered: age, gender, socioeconomic level, education level, frequency of brushing, mouthwash use, mucosa cleansing, nightly removal of prosthesis, presence of stomatitis, ulcers, fibrous increase, porosities, pigmentations, calculi, fractures, lost teeth, dental wear, and level of satisfaction withthe prosthetics apparatus. These variables were described by gender and Chi Square tests in order to observe statistical significances. Results: most of the studied population come from lower socioeconomic groups and have low education levels. 48% of this populationpresented some kind of upper arch stomatitis. 46% of them remove both prostheses at night, with a greater proportion among women (58%). Calculi were the most important finding in terms of denture status, as it occurred in 79% of lower prostheses. Almost 80% of the assessed population was satisfied with the upper denture, while 44% were satisfied with the lower one. Conclusions: the findings suggest lack of care and control of these patients’ situation, as well as deficiencies in terms of hygiene habits on both the mouth and the prosthesis —a situation that does not match the high levels of satisfaction found.


Subject(s)
Humans , Dental Prosthesis , Mouth, Edentulous , Oral Health , Oral Hygiene
3.
Med. lab ; 18(9-10): 411-441, 2012. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-834729

ABSTRACT

Resumen: El dengue es la enfermedad viral transmitida por vectores de mayor importancia en el mundo. Debido a que hasta el momento no existe una vacuna licenciada para la prevención de la infección ni una terapia específica para controlar la enfermedad, el diagnóstico temprano y específico resulta ser una herramienta de vital importancia para brindar un tratamiento rápido y oportuno al paciente. Aunque hace más de seis décadas se dispone de una variedad de técnicas de laboratorio para el diagnóstico de esta enfermedad, es frecuente encontrar que noexista un consenso en el personal o en las entidades colombianas encargadas del diagnóstico de laboratorio sobre las ventajas y las limitaciones de estas técnicas, lo que dificulta dichodiagnóstico. Adicionalmente, debido a que la mayoría de técnicas que se usan se basan en la respuesta inmune frente al virus, y se pueden presentar reacciones cruzadas con otros virusgenéticamente relacionados, la posibilidad de falsos positivos es alta. Principalmente, por estarazón, en los últimos años ha aumentado el desarrollo y la validación de técnicas moleculares,ya que son más sensibles, específicas y rápidas que las técnicas celulares e inmunológicas.Teniendo en cuenta estos antecedentes, se hace necesario comparar a la luz de la literatura disponible la utilidad real de las técnicas de laboratorio existentes, clasificándolas en celulares,inmunológicas y moleculares.


Abstract: Dengue is the vector-borne viral disease of major importance in the world. Because so far there is no licensed vaccine that can be used to prevent the infection and there is no specific antiviral treatment, the early and specific diagnosis is a powerful tool to provide prompt and timely management of the patient. Despite during more than six decades there has been available a wide variety of laboratory techniques that can be used for the diagnosis of dengue, there is often lack of a consensus among the people or entities responsible of the diagnosis about the advantages and disadvantages of these techniques; for this reason, the diagnosis of dengue is more difficult. Moreover, taking into account that most of the techniques used are based on the immune response against dengue virus, and a cross reactivity with other viruses genetically related could be possible; the possibility of false positives is high. Accordingly, in recent years the development and validation of molecular techniques has increased, as they are more sensitive, specific and rapid than the cellular and immunological techniques. Therefore, it is necessary to compare the usefulness of laboratory techniques to dengue diagnosis, such as cellular, immunological and molecular tests.


Subject(s)
Humans , Dengue , Dengue Virus , Immunologic Tests , Molecular Diagnostic Techniques
4.
Rev. colomb. reumatol ; 18(4): 271-284, oct.-dic. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-636872

ABSTRACT

En este escrito hacemos una completa revisión de la enfermedad de Devic, desde sus primeras descripciones por Eugene Devic, hasta el concepto actual, donde es considerada una neuromielitis óptica. Exponemos las diferentes formas de presentación de la neuromielitis óptica así como los hallazgos clínicos y de laboratorio que permiten diferenciar esta entidad de la esclerosis múltiple, tarea que muchas veces no es fácil de realizar por la semejanza en la presentación clínica. Sin embargo es importante su diferenciación porque el tratamiento y el pronóstico difieren entre estas dos enfermedades. No obstante, el descubrimiento de los anticuerpos IgG anti NMO, dirigidos contra los canales de agua de acuaporina 4 fueron fundamentales en tal diferenciación. Realizamos una mención especial sobre la enfermedad de Devic y el lupus y finalmente hacemos unas notas sobre el tratamiento disponible para esta patología.


In this paper we do a complete review of Devic's disease, from its first descriptions by Eugene Devic, to the current concept, which is considered a neuromyelitis optica (NMO). We present the different forms of presentation of NMO as well as clinical and laboratory findings that distinguish this entity from multiple sclerosis, a task that frequently is not easy to perform because of the similarity in clinical presentation. Its differentiation is important because the treatment and prognosis differ between these two diseases. However the discovery of NMO IgG antibodies directed against aquaporin-4 water channels was a critical step in such differentiation. We made special mention of Devic's disease and lupus, and finally make some notes on the available treatment for this pathology.


Subject(s)
Humans , Neuromyelitis Optica , Spinal Cord Diseases , Immunoglobulin G , History , Antibodies , Multiple Sclerosis
5.
Acta méd. colomb ; 35(3): 135-138, jul.-sep. 2010. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-635304

ABSTRACT

La celulitis orbitaria es una infrecuente y potencialmente fatal condición, asociada a trauma ocular o infecciones del tracto respiratorio superior, especialmente sinusitis. Dentro de las complicaciones asociadas se describe el compromiso de sistema nervioso central incluyendo meningitis, trombosis del seno cavernoso y formación de absceso, los cuales se dan con mayor frecuencia en niños y adolescentes. Presentamos el caso de un joven de 20 años quien presentó como complicación un empiema cerebral, denotando la importancia de la tomografía computarizada y el valor del manejo antibiótico y quirúrgico precoz, ya que los resultados fueron satisfactorios ante la ausencia de secuelas (Acta Med Colomb 2010; 35:135-138).


Orbital cellulitis is a rare and potentially fatal condition associated with ocular trauma or upper respiratory tract infections, especially sinusitis. Associated complications include central nervous system involvement including meningitis, cavernous sinus thrombosis and abscess formation which occurs most frequently in children and adolescents. We report the case of a 20 year old man with cerebral empyema as a complication, denoting the importance of computed tomography and the value of appropriate antibiotic therapy and early surgical management, since the results were satisfactory due to the absence of sequelae (Acta Med Colomb 2010; 35:135-138).

6.
Iatreia ; 23(2): 146-156, jun. 2010. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-599253

ABSTRACT

Las enfermedades transmitidas por vectores constituyen un complejo problema de salud en el ámbito mundial, especialmente en áreas tropicales y subtropicales, que por sus condiciones ambientales favorecen la supervivencia del vector. El dengue es la principal enfermedad transmitida por vectores en el mundo, cuyo agente etiológico es el Virus Dengue, el cual es transmitido por la picadura de mosquitos hematófagos de la especie Aedes aegypti. La interacción virus-vector es esencial para una transmisión efectiva y depende de factores tanto virales como vectoriales. Entre los factores relacionados con el vector, la competencia vectorial es considerada de gran importancia, pues se refiere a la capacidad intrínseca del vector para infectarse con el virus, permitir su replicación y posteriormente su transmisión a un huésped susceptible. A su vez, la habilidad para ser un buen vector depende principalmente de barreras naturales a la infección, barreras inmunológicas y presencia de receptores específicos para el virus. Todas estas características, sumadas a las características propias del virus, favorecerán o no la transmisión del mismo. Un estudio integral dela relación virus-vector permitirá comprender sus implicaciones en la epidemiología de la enfermedad. Estos temas han sido revisados en el presente documento, discutiendo su importancia dentro del contexto entomológico y epidemiológico.


Vector-borne diseases are a serious problem in public health, especially in tropical and subtropical areas where environmental conditions favor the survival and expansion of vectors into new habitats. Dengue fever is one of the most important vector-borne diseases transmitted by arthropods (arbovirosis) worldwide. The etiologic agent of the disease is the dengue virus, which is transmitted by the bite of bloodsucking Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. The virus-vector interaction is essential for the efficient transmission of the disease, and depends on both, viral factors and vector competence or intrinsic vector capacity to be infected with the virus. Vector competence allows virus replication and subsequent transmission to susceptible hosts. Factors that influence vector capacity include: natural barriers to infection, immunological defenses as well as the presence of receptors for the virus. All these factors inaddition to the viral characteristics will determine the degree of transmission. There is a need for a better understanding of the virus-vector relationship and its epidemiological implications. These issues are addressed in this article.


Subject(s)
Humans , Dengue/epidemiology , Insect Vectors/pathogenicity , Dengue Virus , Insect Bites and Stings , Viruses
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